Object-Relational
Mapping
FOCUS
MICHAEL KEITH AND RANDY STAFFORD, ORACLE

In the early 1990s, when object-oriented languages emerged into the mainstream of software development, a noticeable surge in productivity occurred as developers saw new and better ways to create software programs. Although the new and efficient object programming paradigm was hailed and accepted by a growing number of organizations, relational database management systems remained

Thus was born ORM (object-relational mapping), out of necessity, and the complex challenge of saving the persistent state of an object environment in a relational database subsequently became known as the object-relational impedance mismatch.

Complex problems sometimes demand complex solutions, and ORM software is no exception. It is necessarily