traditional
Healthcare frame
Emerging
Self-management frame
Scope
Relieve acute condition now
Maintain well-being over a lifetime
Approach
Intervention; treatment
Expert-directed
Apply standards of care
Lengthy regulatory pre-approval
Prevention; healthy living
Self-managed
Measure, assess, and adjust; iterate
Learn and adapt as you go
Subject
Symptoms and test results
Whole person, seen in context
Response
Prescribe medication
Improve behavior, environment
Relies on
Medical establishment
Individual, family, and friends
Social networks, others like me
HCP as
Authority, expert
Dispensing knowledge
Coach, assistant
Learning from patients
Patient as
Helpless, childlike
Taking orders
Responsible adult
Setting goals; testing hunches
Relationship
Asymmetric, one-way
Command and control
Symmetric, reciprocal
Discussion and collaboration
Records
HCP’s notes of visit
Sporadic
Dispersed between offices
Managed by HCP
Patient’s notes, data from sensors
Continuously collected
Connected; aggregated
Controlled by patient
• Self-management does not replace healthcare; rather it acknowledges the limits of what healthcare can accomplish and seeks structures
that go beyond those limits.
traditional
Designer frame
Emerging
Meta-designer frame
Scope
Stand-alone products
Integrated systems of hardware, software,
networked applications, and human services
Manufactured, duplicated
Configured, customized
May + June 2010
Single-function tools
Construction kits, kits of parts
Languages, platforms, APIs,
Function
Aid consumption
Aid production
Approach
interactions
Simplify
Make it easy
Dumb down (de-skill)
Completed
Increase choice
Make it rich and subtle
Create an environment for learning
Open-ended
• As the era of mass production ends, design practice must adapt to the new era of information. In order to create value, designers will increasingly
have to frame their work in new ways.
