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Biography Ryan K. L. Ko ( [e-mail]) is a final-year PhD candidate at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Prior to his current research, he was a Systems Engineer from a Singapore MNC, specializing in SAP Enterprise Portal, Net Weaver, ERP, and BPM systems. In the course of his previous employment, he designed, implemented, and managed more than 50 business processes for his company. He holds a Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Engineering, Hons.) from Nanyang Technological University. His research interests are business process management, on-tologies, dynamic enterprise collaboration, and artificial intelligence.

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