Methodology. Although the results show conclusively that managed and native workloads have different responses to architectural variations, perhaps this result should not be surprising. Unfortunately, few architecture or operating system publications with processor measurements or simulated designs use Java or any other managed workloads, even though the evaluation methodologies we use here for real processors and those for simulators are well developed. 2

7. ConCLusion

These extensive experiments and analyses yield a wide range of findings. On this basis, we offer the following recommendations in this critical time period of hardware and software upheaval. Manufacturers should expose on-chip power meters to the community. System software and application developers should understand and optimize power. Researchers should use both managed and native workloads to quantitatively examine their innovations. Researchers should measure power and performance to understand and optimize power, performance, and energy.

acknowledgments

We thank Bob Edwards, Daniel Frampton, Katherine Coons, Pradeep Dubey, Jungwoo Ha, Laurence Hellyer, Daniel Jiménez, Bert Maher, Norm Jouppi, David Patterson, and John Hennessy. This work is supported by ARC DP0666059 and NSF CSR-0917191.

References

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2. blackburn, s.M. et al. Wake up and smell the coffee: evaluation methodologies for the 21st century. CACM 51, 8 (2008), 83–89.

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4. david, h., gorbatov, e., hanebutte, u.r., Khanna, r., le, C. raPl: memory power estimation and capping. in ISLPED (2010).

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Kathryn S McKinley (mckinley@ microsoft.com), Microsoft research, redmond, Wa; the university of texas at austin, department of Computer science, austin, tx.

tradeoffs in processor architecture and circuit design: a marginal cost analysis. in ISCA (2010).

hadi Esmaeilzadeh (hadianeh@ cs.washington.edu), department of Computer science and engineering, university of Washington.

Cao Ting, Stephen M Blackburn, Xi Yang ({Cao.ting, steve.blackburn, xi.yang}@ anu.edu.au), research school of Computer science, australian national university.

© 2012 aCM 0001-0782/12/07 $15.00

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