Standard operating procedure development, Exact mapping from objectives to action-
planning for task flow dependencies, and so forth oriented checklist, task-sub task, goal
decomposition for efficient implementation

Local and external resource management (such Prioritizing, resource readiness management, as critical infrastructure utilization in neighboring establishment of acquisition mechanisms for counties, contra-flo w of traffic, public hospital external resource utilization), request schemes, and so forth

Risk assessment (for example, chemical plants Integrated and interoperable communication close to nursing homes), information on for agencies and communities, standardized performance of civil infrastructures, information communication instructions and report exchange, communication connectivity, risk formats assessment for engineered and built infrastructure, obtain information on tightly coupled infrastructure interdependencies, and so forth

Decision structure development

Coordination Mechanisms and Support

Operation routine, task synchronization, task sequencing, training, exercise (table-top or drills)

Resource

Resource deployment and usage priority schemes, guidelines, resource standardization, mutual aid, donor assistance, inventorying

Communication protocols, data vocabulary, and message standards, communication operational guidelines, public alert systems

Information

Decision

Responder

Developing an organizational structure among relevant responder groups to create a scalable organization maintaining span of control, and so forth

Establishment of clear decision roles, compatible decision rules

Clear individual authority, responsibility and accountability; ensure that responders know and understand their role within the Unified Incident Command System (ICS) structure (also ensure there will be no turf disputes among responders)

Guidelines, protocols, knowledge sharing, community of practice (COP) structuring

Guidelines, protocols, team meetings, mutual adjustment mechanism (for example, liaisons), training with the ICS structure, build familiarity and working relationships with local, state, and federal partners, building structure to address mental welfare of first and second responders such as social organizations and so forth

During Incident Phase

Task Flow

Coordination Issues

Detailed task assignment, task scheduling, and so forth

Resource

Mini-Second Coordination Cycle

(Reactive)

Information

Resources utilization, reallocation, tactical use, and so forth

Direct information exchange between responders as well as with EOC

Coordination Goals

Fit between task requirement and personnel expertise, smooth functioning of task flow, no conflicts, overlap, or duplication of efforts

Efficient resource sharing among personnel, efficient resource positioning and utilization

Good communication between responder groups, timely information flow

Coordination Mechanisms and Support

Routines, schedules, synchronization, notification, sequencing, tracking

Priority order (need based)

Decision

Decision-making speed for rapid intervention and prevention

Efficient decision making in terms of time and loss of life and property; ensure proper rest and mental stability of first responders

Responder

Many-Second Coordination Cycle

(Proactive, More Reflective)

Task Flow

Face-to-face communication, information-for warding mechanisms, interoperability standards (for example, EDXL) and devices (for example, 800Mhz), ensure communication despite the failure of technology

Decision role delegation, reliance on protocol, support for decentralized decision making, provide training, make mental health practitioners available to first responders on site if possible to avoid PTSD

Coordinated pre-incident exercise, open interpersonal communication

Goal selection, task decomposition, plug-and-play teaming

Resource

Responder relationship, group dynamics, High team spirit, ensuring trusting groupthink relationships in the completion of tasks

Design and management of entire response Achievement of overarching response activity, addressing task flow dependencies objectives, integration of local and external at macro-level, addressing scheduling of external activities (State, Federal, NPO, private, activities, and so forth public agencies)

Local and external resource utilization, Efficient acquisition of external resource and staging of logistics, and so forth optimized allocation of available resource

Global information utilization

Information

Integrated and improved information, global operational picture, complete situational awareness

Decision-making quality

Note: Including the interactions between mini-and many-second coordination cycles

Decision

Ensuring proper decisions dependent on global picture and strategic needs, changing decisions based on developing needs

Compatible goals, policies, interest, address jurisdictional policy difference (for example, cross-border issues to deal with the sick and infected); quarantine extensions in neighboring counties in case of a pandemic disaster, regional resource coordination to deal with surge in public health systems, and so forth

Plan of mutual aid, donor assistance, resource typing, inventorying, requesting, procuring, tracking, priority, and reallocation

Multi-source information acquisition, centralized information analysis, secure “publish/subscribe tools” and public collaborative sharing for information collection and distribution based on social networking (for example, MS Groove)

Knowledge sharing, protocol breaking, joint sense-making, epistemic contestation, COP structuring

Responder

Multi-agency conflicts arising out of cultural differences, responder welfare issues, management of liaison with media, politically sensitive issues, providing clarity on legal matters, and so forth

Team meetings, mutual adjustment, cross-boundary intervention, risk sharing, resolve turf disputes among responders as necessary

Recovery Phase

Coordination Issues

Coordination Goals

Coordination Mechanisms and Support

Task Flow

Resource

Information

Response and recovery planning to return region Achievement of overarching recovery Goal selection, task decomposition, plug-and-play to normalcy as soon as possible (for example, objectives, integration of local and external teaming, operation routine, task synchronization, debris removal, restoration of utilities) activities task sequencing

Local and external resource management Efficient acquisition and distribution of resources, Resource deployment priority, guidelines, resource
fast demobilization, quick maintenance standardization, mutual aid, donor assistance,
replenishment

Centralized information publishing, joint network of public and private media

Decision

Responder

Publication of information that has been Consistent information content, timely collected about recovery, information on pricing distribution of public information and education for award of contract for post-disaster activities to reduce public fear and build confidence,

building community spirit, and so forth

Address contracts for debris clean-up, aid Strategic decision (short- and long-term) in terms Priority, guidelines, protocols, knowledge sharing decision making with county officials to arrive at of outcome, restoration of normalcy, removing consensus about financial costs relating to constraints such as residency and driving bans, recovery, and so forth and so forth

Agency debriefing and evaluation, addressing Free discussion, healthy relationship first and second responders long-term issues

Facilitator, boundary-spanner, guidelines, protocols, team meetings, mutual adjustment